Freshwater and terrestrial molluscs, mammal bones (incl. hyena dens, micromammals in owl pellets etc), teeth and horn cores, trace fossils, (eg calcretised termitaria, rhizoliths, coprolites, gastroliths, ostrich eggs, shells etc), vascular plants in pedocretes (eg. silcretes), lignites with fossil wood (silicified/carbonised), leaves, pollen of vascular plants, diatoms
Record of changing climates, fauna and vegetation since Gondwana fragmentation. See also archaeological literature eg Boomplaas and Cango CavesImportant Miocene Lignites with wood, pollens in Knysna Fm and Elandsfontyn Fm at Noordhoek (Cape Peninsula). Pollens also from Cederberg, Verlorenvlei. Boomplaas etc. Silicified wood from Olifants River gravels, Vredendal (Miocene)Kwagga's Kop Fm of the Vanrhynsdorp Area (Late Neogene) - Unidentified vertebrate remains
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